Rabu, 30 April 2014

Subject And Verb Agreement



Subject verb agreement adalah persesuaian antara verb dengan subject dalam hal number yaitu singular(tunggal) atau plural (jamak). Subject dapat berupa noun, pronoun atau konstruksi lain yang berakting sebagai noun seperti gerund dan infinitive. Pada dasarnya singular subject(subject tunggal menggunakan singular verb (kata kerja tunggal), sedangkan plural subject(subject jamak menggunakan plural verb atau kata kerja jamak. 
Singular ---> she/he/it menggunakan verb ies/es/is
Plural    --->  they/we/i/you menggunakan verb 1
Contoh :
1. she go to school
    ( singular karena ada kata she dan verb dari kata go menggunakan tambahan kata es)
2. they play basketball
    ( plural karena ada kata they dan play nya menggunakan verb 1)

Each dan Every selalu diikuti verb tunggal.
Contoh :
1. every girls and boys is in the class
2. each people needs hobby

Prepositional phrase, atau frasa preposisi adalah frasa yang terdiri dari preposisi dan objek preposisi. Objek preposisi dalam frasa preposisi dapat berupa noun, pronoun, atau non phrase.
Dalam kalimat terdiri subject + prepositional phrase verb dari kalimat tersebut lihat dari subjeknya.
Contoh :
1. the historical book on that table is interesting.
   ( karena the historical singular subject berbentuk singular maka menggunakan kata is)
2. The leather jackets on the cabinets are mine.
  ( pada kata leather jackets berbentuk plural maka menggunakan kata are).

Gerund Phrases adalah frase yang terdiri dari gerund + dengan objek dan modifier . seperti halnya gerund, gerund phrase juga berperan sebagai nomina dalam kalimat. Dalam membuat kalimatnya bila subjek gerund( verb ing) maka verbnya harus singular.
Contoh :
1. walking in the park is relaxing.
2. your singing is very beautiful.

some of, a lot of, half of, none of, most of pada suatu kalimat jika singular noun maka verbnya singular. Begitu juga bila plural noun maka verbnya plural.
Contoh :
1. some of books are hers.
2. none of this money is mine.



Each of, one of, every one of pada suatu kalimat diikuti plural noun dan verb harus singular.
Contoh :
1. one of my friends is here.
2. each of my friends is beautiful.

The number of plural ---> jumlah ( singular verb)
A number of plural    ---> sejumlah ( plural verb)
Contoh :
1. The number of plants in each plot was 25.
2. A number of people are dancing on the stage.




Latihan :

1.        The subject you will studying in this course ( is ,are) listed in syllabus.
Ket: the subject (s) merupakan singular noun, maka verbnya (is) merupakan singular verb.

2.        The professor and the student ( agree, agrees) on that point.
Ket: karena merupakan singular noun, maka verb yang digunakan singular

3.        Almost every professors and student at the university ( approves, approve).
Ket: karena merupakan singular noun, maka verb yang digunakan singular. Approves merupakan singular dan approve merupakan plural.

4.        Why (was, were) yoko and alex late for the meeting?
Ket : subjek plural, verb plural

5.        Some of fruit in this bowl ( is, are) rotten.
Ket : some of + singular noun, verb singular

6.        Most of movies (is,are) funny.
Ket : some of + plural noun, verb plural

7.        Half of this money ( is, are) yours.
Ket : subjek singular, verb singular

8.        A lot of clothing in this store ( is,are) on sale this week.
Ket : a lot of + subject gerund, verb singular

9.        The number of employees in my company ( is, are) approximately ten thousand.
Ket : the number + plural noun, verb singular

10.  Why (was, were) some of the students excused from the examination.
Ket : some of + plural noun, verb plural

 

Selasa, 01 April 2014

Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris



Nama : VINI AFRIANI
Npm   : 27211908
Kelas  : 3EB08

Choose the best answer and give an explanation about your answer
1.      The large carotid artery ____ to the main parts of the brain.
a.       Carrying blood
b.      Blood is carried
c.       Carries blood
d.      Blood carries
Answer: C
the sentence above lack of verb and adverb. So we choose answer C because ‘Carries’ is a verb and ‘Blood’ is the adverb

2.      Mark Twain _____ the years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age.”

(A) called
(B) calling
(C) he called
(D) his calls
Answer: A
the sentence above lack of verb (in past form), so we choose answer A which have subject in past form

3.      _____ radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy.

(A) Marconi’s development
(B) The development by Marconi
(C) Developing Marconi
(D) Marconi developed
Answer: D
the sentence above lack of subject and verb. So we choose answer D because ‘Marconi’ is a subject and ‘Developed’ is a verb in passive form
4.      The earliest medicines _____ from plants of various sorts.

(A) obtaining
(B) they obtained
(C) were obtained
(D) they were obtained
Answer: C
the sentence above lack of verb. So we choose answer C because ‘were obtained’ is a verb in passive form
5.      Pluto’s moon, Charon, _____ in a slightly elliptical path around the planet.

(A) moving
(B) is moving
(C) it was moving
(D) in its movement
Answer: B
the sentence above lack of verb. So we choose answer because ‘is moving’ is a verb in present form

6.      Robert E. Lee ____ the Confederate army to General Grant in 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse.

(A) surrendered
(B) he surrendered
(C) surrendering
(D) surrender
Answer: A
the sentence above lack of verb. So we choose answer because ‘surrendered’ is a verb in past form

7.      In the Stone Age, stone tools _____ with other rock materials.

(A) polishing
(B) they polished
(C) for polish
(D) were polished
Answer: D
The sentence above lack of verb, therefore we choose an answer which have verb. ‘Were polished’ (D) is a verb in passive voice

8.      The first steamship to cross the Atlantic ____ Savannah, in 1819.
(A) was the
(B) it was the
(C) the
(D) in it the
Answer: A
the sentence above explain something that happened in a long time, so we can conclude that it is a past tense. In order to fill in the gap for the sentence above we need ‘to be’ (in past form) so we choose answer A, because it has ‘was’. And the ‘the’ is for the ‘Savannah’

9.      The first plant-like organisms probably _____ in the sea, perhaps 3 billion years ago.

(A) life
(B) living
(C) lived
(D) it was living
Answer: C
The sentence above lack of verb in past form, therefore we choose answer C which has ‘lived’

10.   Air near the equator ____ a faster west-to-east motion than air farther from the equator.

(A) to have
(B) it has
(C) has
(D) having
Answer: C
The sentence above lack of verb (a helping verb or auxiliary verb), therefore we choose answer C which has ‘has’ as an auxiliary verb

11.  ____ quickly after an animal dies.
(A) In the degradation of DNA
(B) Degrading DNA
(C) DNA degrades
(D) For DNA to degrade

Answer: C
The sentence above lack of subject and verb. So we choose answer C because ‘DNA’ is a subject and ‘degrades’ is a verb


12. _____ is famous as the home of the U.S. Naval Academy.
 (A) Annapolis
 (B) Because of Annapolis
(C) Why Annapolis
(D) Because Annapolis
Answer: A
The sentence above lack of subject. So we choose answer A because ‘Annapolis’ is the proper subject for that sentence

13.  _________ the deepest valleys and canyons on the Earth.
    (A) In the Pacific Ocean with
    (B) In the Pacific Ocean
    (C) The Pacific Ocean
            (D) The Pacific Ocean has
Answer: D
The sentence above lack of subject and (helping/auxiliary) verb. So we choose answer D because ‘The Pacific Ocean’ is a subject and ‘has’ is an auxiliary verb

14.  In the United States, the participation of females in the labor force              from 37 percent in 1965 to 51 percent in 1980.
    (A) it jumped
    (B) jump
    (C) jumping
    (D) jumped
Answer: D
The sentence above lack of verb in past form, therefore we choose answer D because ‘jumped’ is a verb in past form
15. ______ the second most common metal in the earth’s crust, and it always occurs in combination with other substances.
    (A) Iron
    (B) Iron is
    (C) With iron
    (D) With iron is
Answer: B
The sentence above lack of subject. So we choose answer A because ‘Iron’ is a subject
16.  Although knives and forks _____ of prehistoric origin, spoons are relatively new.
    (A) are
    (B) they are
    (C) are they
    (D) which are
Answer: A
the sentence above lack of (helping/auxiliary) verb. So we choose answer A because ‘Are’ is an auxiliary verb

17. ____ lived on Earth for nearly 150 million years.
    (A) Dinosaurs
    (B) Dinosaurs who
    (C) If dinosaurs
    (D) Since dinosaurs
Answer: A
the sentence above lack of subject. So we choose answer A because ‘Dinosaurs’ is a subject
18. _____along most of its length into a supper chamber and a lower chamber.
    (A) The divided cochlea
    (B) Dividing the cochlea
    (C) The cochlea is divided
    (D) With a divided cochlea

Answer: C
the sentence above lack of subject and verb. So we choose answer C because ‘The Cochlea’ is a subject and ‘is divided’ is a verb in passive form
19. When _____ the conference?
    (A) the doctor attended
    (B) did the doctor attend
    (C) the doctor will attend
    (D) the doctor’s attendance

Answer: B
because it is the proper structure for question form in past tense

20. To Mike ____ was a big surprise.
    (A) really
    (B) the party
    (C) funny
    (D) when
Answer: B
The sentence above lack of object. So we choose answer B because ‘the party’ is an object for that sentence

Correct or incorrect, revise and give an explanation about the error and you answer

21. Each day practiced the piano for hours.

Incorrect → The sentence lack of subject and the verb supposed to be in present form because it is a repetitious action
22. The directions to the exercise on page twenty unclear.

Incorrect → we need to add ‘is’ so it becomes “
The directions to the exercise on page twenty is unclear
23. During the week eat lunch in the school cafeteria.
Incorrect → we should add subject after ‘the week’
24. In the morning after concert was tired.
Incorrect → The sentence lack of subject
25. During the meeting in the office discussed the schedule.
Incorrect → the sentence lack of subject
26. Everyone must leaves the room immediately.
Incorrect → although the sentence above has ‘Everyone’ as its (singular) subject but ‘must’ is a modal verb so you use ‘leave’ instead of ‘leaves’
27. I could sat on the beach for hours.
Incorrect → ‘Could’ is a modal verb, so we use ‘sit’ for the sentence above instead of ‘sat’
28. She will asking you many difficult questions
Incorrect → ‘Will’ is a modal verb. Use ‘Ask’ instead of ‘Asking’
29. The new movie is receive good reviews.
Incorrect → because the sentence is in progressive form so we should change the sentence into “The new movie is receiving good reviews”
30. We took a new routes to the beach house.
Incorrect → “we took a new routes” means there is only one new route, so use ‘route’ instead of ‘routes’


31. They helped she with the work.
Incorrect → Use ‘Her’ instead of ‘She’ because the pronoun is the object of a sentence
32. Her and Bob came over to visit me.
Incorrect → Use ‘She’ instead of ‘Her’ because the pronoun is the subject of a sentence
33. She lent it to you and I.
Incorrect → Use ‘You and me’ instead of ‘you and I’ because the pronoun is the object of the sentence
34. We offered she a place to stay.
Incorrect → Use ‘Her’ instead of ‘She’ because the pronoun is the object of a sentence
35. The soup needs more salt because he does not taste very good.
Incorrect → Use ‘It’ instead of ‘he’. The ‘it’ explains the ‘The soup’
The soup needs more salt because it does not taste very good
36. The girls ran too fast and she fell down.
Incorrect → the subject is singular so we don’t need use ‘S’ in the subject.
37. They sold the car to you and I.

Incorrect → Use ‘You and me’ instead of ‘you and I’ because the pronoun is the object of the sentence
38. I told his the truth, but he didn’t believe me.
Incorrect → Use ‘Him’ instead of ‘His’ because the pronoun is the object of a sentence
39. You and she should look for they.
Incorrect → Use ‘Them’ instead of ‘They’ because the pronoun is the object of a sentence
40. Martha was happy when she boss gave her a pay raise.
Incorrect → Use ‘Her’ instead of ‘She’ because the pronoun is in a possessive form
41. Just between our, I am not sure if we can trust them.
Incorrect → Use ‘Us’ instead of ‘Them’ because the pronoun is the object of a sentence
42. The travelers lost our way in the storm.
Incorrect → Use ‘Their’ instead of ‘Our’ because the pronoun is in a possessive form
43. Please tell your brother that me need to talk to him.
Incorrect → Use ‘I’ instead of ‘me’ because the pronoun is the subject of the sentence
44. The boy got the box and his opened it carefully.
Incorrect  → Use ‘He’ instead of ‘his’ because the pronoun is the object of the sentence
45. If my friend calls, please ask them to call back later.

Correct
46. Me and my friend are taking a trip.

Correct
47. Our neighbors are going with you and I.

Incorrect → Use ‘You and me’ instead of ‘you and I’ because the pronoun is the object of the sentence

48. Ghea explained that her and her sister had often eaten at that restaurant.
Incorrect → She and her sister
49. The students are allowed to ask questions when she doesn't understand a problem.
Incorrect → They
50. Do you know Ben and her wife?
Correct!